The CPU is the brain of the computer. It is responsible for processing all of the instructions that are given to the computer. The faster the CPU, the faster the computer will be able to perform tasks.
The GPU is responsible for rendering graphics, such as those in video games and other applications. A good GPU is essential for gamers and other users who need to work with graphics-intensive applications.
The motherboard is the main circuit board in the computer. It connects all of the other components together, including the CPU, GPU, RAM, and storage devices.
RAM is used to store temporary data that the CPU is currently using. The more RAM you have, the more applications you can run at the same time without the computer slowing down.
The storage device is used to store data permanently. Common storage devices include hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid state drives (SSDs). HDDs are cheaper, but SSDs are faster and more reliable.
The cabinet houses all of the other components in the computer. It also protects the components from damage and helps to keep them cool.
These are the major PC components that are essential for any computer. Other components, such as optical drives, sound cards, and network adapters, are optional but may be useful depending on your needs.